Classwork WMSIO #3

Notes:

1. For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.


Civil War: Conflict between opposing groups within the same country.

Julius Caesar: Military leader involved in the first ever triumvirate in Rome. In 44 BC, he was named dictator for life and was then killed on March 15, 44 BC.

Triumvirate: A group of three rulers.

Augustus: Title given to a ruler, which means "exalted one".

Pax Romana: "Roman peace"--a period of peace and prosperity lasting 207 years (27 BC - AD 180) after the start of Augustus' ruling.




3. What factors contributed to the fall of the Roman Republic? The growing discontent among lower classes in society and a breakdown in military order. Brothers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus attempted to make the poor content. Following their death, a civil war took place in Rome. As the republic became more unstable, military generals seized power for themselves.


4. What were the main reasons for the Romans' success in controlling such a large empire? Efficient government and able leaders. For example, Augustus glorified Rome and also set up civil service. That is, he paid officers to manage people's affairs.


5. What measures did the government take to distract and control the masses of Rome? It provided free games, races, mock battles, and gladiator fights. By AD 250, Romans already celebrated 150 holidays in the Colosseum.

Classwork WMSIO #2

finish reading The Roman Republic (p. 155-159)
answer questions 1, 3, 4, 5 (p. 159)
do worksheet 1 (The Romans Create a Republic p.88)





Notes:

• By the fourth century BC, the Romans dominated central Italy, and by 265 BC, they were the masters of nearly all of Italy.
• Punic Wars (264 - 146 BC) were between Rome and Carthage, a colony of Phoenicia.
• First Punic War  (264 - 241 BC)
• Fought in the western Mediterranean for control of Sicily.
• Ended in the defeat of Carthage.
• Second Punic War (218 - 202 BC)
• Mastermind behind the war was 29-year-old Carthaginian general named Hannibal.
• Hannibal assembled an army of 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 60 elephants.
• For more than a decade, moved his army on a long trek from Spain across France and through the Alps.
• Lost half his men and most of his elephants.
• Won his greatest victory at Cannae in 216 BC.
• With the aid of many allies, the Romans prevented capturing of Rome.
• Finally, the Romans found a military leader to match Hannibal's boldness--Scipio.
• In 202 BC, Hannibal was forced to defend his native city, Zama, and was defeated by the Romans.
• Third Punic War (149 - 146 BC)
• After Rome laid siege to Carthage, the city was set afire on 146 BC and its 50,000 inhabitants were sold as slaves.

• By winning the Punic Wars, Rome gained dominance over the western Mediterranean.
• Then went on to conquer the eastern half.
• By 70 BC, Rome's Mediterranean empire stretched from Anatolia to Spain.
  

Questions:



1. For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.

Republic: (comes from the Latin res publica, "people's affairs") people choose representative to vote in behalf of the people.

Patrician: wealthy, aristocratic landowners who held most of the power in the early republic.

Plebeian: common farmers, merchants, workers, and artisans which made up the majority of the Roman citizens.

Tribune: someone elected to represent the Roman lower class citizens.

Consul: One of two officials who shared the powers of ruling the republic  and whose time in office was limited to only a year. (They also could not be re-elected before ten years after their previous term.)

Senate: assembly composed of upper class citizens only.

Dictator: Someone with absolute power who only led the people for six months.

Legion: Military division of the Roman army.

Punic Wars: Three battles lasting over a century between Rome and Carthage.

Hannibal: Led a force of 50,000 soldiers and 60 elephants through the Alps for more than a decade to attemmpt to conquer Italy.


3. What limits were there on the power of the Roman consuls? They both had the power to overpower each other; so they limited each other's power. Their terms were a year's length and could not be elected again in ten years.


4. What was the significance of the Twelve Tables? The upper class people would stop inventing more ways to punish poor people. It gave lower class citizens rights and defended them from unjust laws created against them.


5. How was Hannibal's attack on Rome daring and different? He decided to lead his troops through the Alps to attack Romans head on.

Classwork WMSIO #1

What to do:

Write out main ideas from pages 152 and 153.

Write out timeline (only for Rome).

Start reading pages 155 through 159.

Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (500 BC-AD 500)

Main Ideas:

Power and Authority - Rome began as a republic, a government in which elected officials represent the people. But, eventually, absolute rulers (emperors) seized power and expanded the empire.

Empire Building - At its height, the Roman Empire touched three continents--Europe, Asia, and Africa. For several countries, Rome brought peace and prosperity to its empire before its eventual collapse.

Religious and Ethical Systems - Out of Judea rose a monotheistic (single-god) religion called Christianity. Based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, it soon spread throughout Rome and beyond.

Timeline:

509 BC

Rome becomes a republic.

264 BC

First Punic War begins.

218 BC

In the Second Punic War, Hannibal invades Italy.

31 BC

Octavian defeats the forces of Antony and Cleopatra.

AD 284

Diocletian becomes emperor of Rome.

AD 476

Western Roman Empire falls.

Notes:

•  Rome founded 753 BC by Romulus and Remus according to the legend.
•  Built on seven rolling hills near midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea.
• Earliest inhabitants, Greeks, Latins, and Etruscans, came in around 1000 BC and 500 BC.
• Latins built the original settlement at Rome on the Palatine Hill, and were therefore believed to be the first Romans.
• Between 750 BC and 600 BC, the Greeks established colonies along Southern Italy and Sicily.
• Etruscans (skilled metalworkers and artisans) are native to Northern Italy.
• They influenced Romans' architecture (using the arch) and their writing system.
• Around 600 BC, an Etruscan became the king of Rome.
• (Popular public center Forum was the heart of Roman political life.) 
• The last king was Tarquin the Proud (Superbus).
• Driven from power in 509 BC due to tyranny in both senses of the word.
• Established a republican government from the phrase res publica, meaning "public affairs."
• A republic is a form of government in which citizens vote for their leaders. (Only free-born male citizens were given the right to vote.)

• Struggle for power.
• Patricians--wealthy landowners--versus plebeians--common farmers, artisans, and merchants, which are the majority of the population.
• Tribunes--assembly formed by plebeians that chose representatives for themselves.
• Protect rights of plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials.
• The Twelve Tables
• On 451 BC, ten patrician officials wrote down Rome's notes.
• Carved on twelve tables and hanged in the Forum.
• Government terms.
• Legal code in: 
• Rome was the Twelve Tables
• the United States is the United States Constitution.
• Consul: king-like leader who commanded the army and directed the government. The consuls worked in pairs and composed the executive branch of the government.
• Senate: had 300 aristocrats who took care of domestic policies. Its counterpart at the time would have been the Tribal Assembly, which was elected by the tribune and made laws for the common people.

April 24, 2019 Class

I have set my mind to memorizing the Rome song. Apparently, some kids have used it to memorize the test answers and I will surely do that. Also, the song link didn't work for me. And in case it also didn't work for you, I'm putting a link I found on YouTube here. Also, I found an amazing video of the Greco Persian Wars that you guys should totally watch. He is apparently still in John Carroll and I honestly congrat him from this blog. (P.S. I will definitely ask around juniors I know to find him.)

Who settled Rome? (Firstly, Latins.)

• Located along Tiber river
• Etruscans.
• Came from north-central part of the peninsula.
• Had metalworkers, artists, and architects.
• Two foundating myths:
• Virgil's Aeneid (very close to the Odyssey).
• Brothers Remus and Romulus raised by she-wolf.

April 23, 2019 Class

Mr. Schick is suffering from umbilical hernia and has got to undergo surgery. At six o'clock in the morning (0600) on Thursday, Mr. Schick will start going into surgery and will miss ten days of school (otherwise stated as two weeks resting overall). We will miss him greatly and will remember him as we work each of the eight assigned days. We will have him present in class tomorrow, April 24, 2019 for "LOOK FORWARD," whatever it is. I checked my blog entries and found out my blog was visited twenty-one times from Germany. Amazing! Also, I have another new place to add--Indonesia. Now, I have people that visit my blog from Egypt, Indonesia, Germany, (an) unknown location(s), and a familiar from the Dominican Republic.

April 12, 2019 Class

I did not attend class today as I had to catch a flight.

April 10, 2019 Class

Today we learned about Plato's Allegory of the Cave. We talked about Socrates' thoughts on the unexamined life and so on. This will be on the test as an essay question. I have to take the test tomorrow because I will be absent for most of the class on Friday, as I will be leaving at noon.
I am definitely not excited and very nervous; I am definitely nervous. I will be going to school at around 7:10 to take the test at 7:15 and be able to go to class by eight o'clock. I feel like I will fail this test about as badly as I did will all of the work I have had to turn in a rushed assignment because I have not had time to have a good night's sleep AND do all my work before going to school. I guess the fact that people say school is your second home is true because I sure do my HOMEwork at school. Have no off mods? No problem. Do it in between classes, in the car, during advisory, or sometimes (not recommended) during lessons that one is already familiar with or directly before the work is due.

April 9, 2019 Class

Well... Today was a horrible day. Today I had Biology first, which would not be so bad if I had not had to wear bunny ears for about ten minutes straight before going to class and then getting called for doing homework that is due tomorrow at the beginning of class (which is worth 120 points and I have only done about fifty percent of all of it)!! Then, nothing bad with Mr. Schick's class besides not taking any notes from a PowerPoint because he doesn't have a PowerPoint because I have not made one.
Then German... It actually was not as bad a class as it normally is. This class, I was actually able to do the homework previously noted before and the work from the class itself (I am honestly a little bit too proud of that) which is something I normally do, even though I had already done the work by the time he is done speaking. Chorus... meh. Jesus Christ Mission and Ministry, my least favorite class, may I say. Ugh. I almost fell asleep. I must have incredibly strong willpower because I did not actually fall asleep (not longer than two minutes anyway).
Lastly, I had Studio which is finally starting to come along, after half a semester of depressive thoughts toward the class, it is starting to become more tolerable. It is as if I change into some artist who actually enjoys art and makes time fly by super fast. My paintings are starting to look way better than they did before.
What really messed up my day was the Spring Concert. I did horrible. I cannot afford to lose any more points in Chorus. I have died of embarrassment TWICE today, not once. Once I could get behind but twice? Nu-uh. First, I tripped while going up the stairs to leave because I miscalculated how many steps were left because I had to text my mom to tell her I was sorry I was late. The second time was during the concert when I messed up SOLO before the song had even began and everyone was laughing at me (or with me since I smile and flush when embarrassed).

Classwork #4

Explain significance of:
Philip II- king Philip of Macedonia wanted to control Greece and then move on to Persia to avenge the Persian invasion in 480 BC.
Macedonia- Place located North of Greece that has rough terrain and a cold climate.
Alexander the Great- Son of Philip II who earned his nickname for his actions the 13 years following his father's death.
Darius III- Persian king whom Alexander defeated mercilessly, completely ending Persia's power.

How was Philip II able to conquer Greece? He used the phalanx formation (16 men across with 16 men deep, all armed with 18 feet long pikes) and then used the fast moving cavalry to crush disorganized opponents. Took Greeks' independence away at the battle of Chaeronea.

Philip II's goal was to conquer Persia. Why did Alexander continue his campaign of conquest after this goal had been achieved? He was more interested in expanding his empire rather than governing it.

What happened to Alexander's empire after his death? His Macedonian generals fought amongst themselves for control of his empire. Three ambitious leaders--Antigonus, Ptolemy, and Seleucus--eventually won out. Antigonus took Macedonia and other city-states. Ptolemy took over Egypt and was declared pharaoh of Egypt. He later established a dynasty. Seleucus took over most of the Persian empire (which was later called the Seleucid kingdom).



Explain the significance of:
Hellenistic- Blending of the Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures.
Euclid- Highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria. His best-known book is Elements, that contains 465 geometric propositions and proofs.
Archimedes- Scientist who accurately estimated value of pi.
Colossus of Rhodes- Largest Hellenistic statue which stands a hundred feet tall and was one of the seven wonders of the Ancient World. It was toppled by an earthquake around 225 BC. Its bronze covering was sold for scrap. (The Nike of Samothrace statue was also found on Rhodes.)

How did trade contribute to cultural diversity in the Hellenistic city of Alexandria? Trade ships from all around the Mediterranean were docked in the spacious harbor. By the third century BC, Alexandria had become an international community.

How did Euclid influence some of the developments in astronomy during the Hellenistic period? His teachings in geometry were what led astronomers Aristarchus and Eratosthenes to study planets and stars with geometry, therefore understanding the world better.

What did Stoicism and Epicureanism have in common? Both stressed the importance of living a virtuous life in harmony.

April 4, 2019 Class

Today is the day! Today is the day (actually night, but whatever) that I write down my answers for the classwork/homework. Yahoo!

Also, I will write down my notes on the blog prior to the present one.

1. Explain significance or words below:

a. Direct democracy: form of government inn which citizens rule directly instead of having representatives vote for them.

b. Classical art: portray ideal beauty.

c. Tragedy: serious drama about common themes (e.g. love, hate, war, and betrayal).

d. Comedy: Contain scenes filled with slapstick situations (involving excessive physical activity to produce comical scenes) and crude humor.

e. Peloponnesian War: tension between Athens and Sparta. War broke out and Athenians erected a walls which was supposed to keep Spartans out. Also created barricade composed of their navy to keep trade out of Sparta. But, when a trader infected with the plague was let inside the erected walls, citizens could not get out and transmitted the plague over to other citizens; resulting in the death of a third of the population (accounting for the ruler at the time--Pericles).

f. Philosopher: literally translated to "lovers of wisdom" were thinkers who used logic and reason to figure out and explain things about the world, rather than putting so much faith into the mythological gods and goddesses.

g. Socrates: (470-399 BC) encouraged to examine the beliefs of followers using the Socratic method.
h. Plato: (427-347 BC) was both a wrestler and a poet before he became a philosopher; student of Socrates. Founded a school called the Academy in 387 BC.
i. Aristotle: (384-322 BC) was the son of a physician and one of Plato's brightest students. Stayed at the Academy for twenty years until Plato's death. He then opened his own school called the Lyceum.

3. What steps did Pericles take to strengthen democracy in Athens? He increased the number of public officials who were paid salaries to ensure that all citizens, no matter wealthy or poor, could hold office. Introducing direct democracy, Pericles made sure citizens could directly vote on issues regarding them instead of voting for representative who would in turn vote for them.

4. What were the battle strategies of Athens and Sparta in the Peloponnesian War? To avoid land battles with Spartans and wait for an opportunity to attack from the sea. Eventually, though, the Spartans swept through Athens and burned down their food supplies. Although it did not affect Athenians as much as long as they could sail to get supplies from allies and foreign states.

5. Why do you think some Athenians found the ideas of Socrates so disturbing? Because they were very unhappy with how sad their life was they did not feel like examining their life. Maybe they thought as best living an unexamined life and were disturbed by a man who had quoted that: "The unexamined life is not worth living." Perhaps they did not like his way of thinking.

April 3, 2019 Class

Today, we had to read pages 134 through 139 (section 3) and take notes. But I could not finish taking notes. Moreover, we had to answer questions 1, 3, 4, and 5. And I have not even read those. Honestly, I am just having a bad day. I just want it all to be over so I could go back to sleep. I am very lazy today and will NOT be posting my notes as I normally do and will instead go right into answering the questions.

Edit: Welp… I am too tired to do this right now. I am still sore from practice because I was basically forced to go today even though I am currently limping around. I will have the questions answered sometime this week.

Textbook pages:

My notes:
Democracy and Greece's Golden Age

• Pericles (495-429 BC; r. 461-429 BC) was an Athenian leader during the Golden Age who held onto popular support for 32 years.
• Came from a rich, noble family.
• His father led the Athenian assembly and fought the battle of Salamis (which was during the Persian Wars) 
• And his mother was Cleisthenes' niece.
• Skillful politician, inspiring speaker, and respected general.
• He was well-known for his political achievements as the leader of Athens.
• Age of Pericles.
• 1. Strengthened Athenian democracy.
• 2. Held and strengthened the empire.
• 3. Glorified Athens.
• Increased the number of public officials who were paid salaries.
• Before, most of the positions were unpaid, so only the wealthier Athenian citizens could afford to hold office.
• After, even the poorest of citizens could hold office.
• Consequently, Athens had more citizens engaged in self-government than any other city-state in Greece.
• Direct democracy: form of government in which citizens vote directly on issues that affect them instead of electing a representative to do so.
• An important legacy of Periclean Athens.
• Male citizens in the assembly established all important government politics.

• After the defeat of the Persians, Athens helped organize and took leadership over the League of Delian and the city-states in it.
• Pericles used the money to strengthen Athens' navy and beautify Athens.
• To beautify Athens, he ordered to build the Parthenon, that was built to honor Athena, the goddess of wisdom and the protector of Athens.
• It contained examples of Greek art that set standards for the future generations of artists around the world.
• Much of the work was done by the sculptor Phidias.
• In the Parthenon, there was a thirty foot tall statue of Athena made with gold and ivory.
• Greek sculptures during the Golden Age:
• Aimed to create graceful, strong and perfectly formed figures.
• Classical art--portray values of harmony, order, balance, and proportion.
• Showed neither joy nor anger, but serenity.
• Tried to capture the grace of the human body while in motion.
• Portrayed ideal beauty instead of realism.

• Drama and History
• The Greeks invented drama as an art form and built the first theaters in the West.
• The actors used colorful costumes, masks, and sets to dramatize the stories.

Class notes:

In tragedy, the hero has a fatal flaw, hubris (excessive pride).
Sophocles wrote Oedipus Rex--rex being king; so Tyrannosaurus Rex is basically the king of the dinosaurs--(basically translated as king Oedipus).

April 2, 2019 Class

Well, presentations are OVER (finally, Lord), and I was excited... But then I checked out Mr. Schick's blog and he stated we had to take notes on pages 134 through 149 instead of straight up learning from a PowerPoint/ presentation that was made by Mr. Schick (which is what I definitely prefer).

Moreover, we will take the test on the three sections--which will cover pages 134 through 149--on April twelfth. And I really hope I could say that it is an April Fool's joke, but today is April the second. So it cannot be :(

I feel like the fourth quarter is going to walk all over me and enjoy killing me slowly. But, leaving me alive enough to recover during the Summer to come back next year. I feel it. In fact, I know it. I may even be unable to get First Honors this quarter.

I have a question for you, the reader of this blog: When would the dress down day for the fourth quarter be if the quarter ends by the end of the school year? Would the school not have a dress down day or would only count the GPA from the Mid-Quarter-Reports? Or perhaps something completely different?
Please, at least one person leave a comment or it will haunt me for the rest of my life (no kidding).

March 27, 2019 Class

Yet again, I forgot to write my blog (which I thought I had written) on Wednesday. I have no clue as to what happened on that day because my memory does not retain much of the important things. 

So... 

I'll give you a fun fact: I cannot do any cartwheels, round offs, nor walk on my hands or anything really athletic for wrestling.