Classwork #5

Read 468-477 do 1, 3, 4, 5.

1. For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
Renaissance: Rebirth. In the historic context, =, it refers to a revival of art and learning.
Humanism: An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements.
Secular: A worldly society rather than spiritual and concerned with the here and now.
Patron: Leader of a movement group.
Perspective: Shows three dimensions on a flat surface.
Vernacular: Someone's native language.

3. What are some of the characteristics of the "Renaissance man" and "Renaissance woman"? Men were expected to create art, while women were only expected to recognize it.

4. How did Italy's cities help to make it the birthplace of the Renaissance? Overseas trade made Italy's cities thrive. The region had many sizable towns, making it possible for people to exchange ideas; an ideal breeding ground for intellectual revolution.

5. What was the attitude of Church leaders and the wealthy toward the arts? Why? Church leaders beautified Rome and other cities by spending huge amounts of money for art. Also, wealthy merchants and families either had themselves made into portraits or donated art to cities to hang on public squares to demonstrate their importance.

May 15, 2019 Class

I did horrible. I will not be able to get into John's Hopkins and get a partner. This is it. This is the end. I will rot in the streets and die lonely while people walk all over me. It wasn't particularly great meeting the students here, but it wasn't awful; I guess.

Maybe I'll have to focus more on wrestling and less on school because, otherwise, I'll just be another student with a trashy resume and nothing interesting to say for themselves.

I got one wrong. The worst part is that my gut was telling me: "Don't choose that one, Gía! It's wrong and you know it." But what did I do? I chose it anyway and went against my gut. So... I probably got a 65/66. Not great, but it will suffice.

A big shootout to Trent, who sat down during Bio class to help me study. He truly is an angel sent from above. Trent, if for some reason you end up reading this, viele danke!

May 14, 2019 Class

Who immigrated into Rome? Latins (first immigrants), Greeks, and Etruscans.
The capital Rome would have either stood on Palatine or along the Tiber river.
Greeks ruled much of the land around the Mediterranean Sea (also controlled Carthage).
Tarquin the Proud is the seventh and final king of Rome.

• The backstory:
• Sextus (Tarquin's son) wanted to court Lucretia and blackmailed her.
• She gave into blackmail and then committed suicide.
• Because of this, Tarquin and his family were ran out of Rome.

Res publica - "the people's affairs".

• English word "republic" comes from this.
• Basically three governments rolled into one.
• Aristocracy (the Senate 300).
• Monarchy (2 consuls).
• Democracy (tribunes).

SPQR - Senatus PopulusQue Romanum

• Decision made by "the Roman Senate and People".
• Has three branches of government:
• Executive is composed of the two consuls, which can veto each other and serve one year terms.
• Ar times, it also includes a dictator, who in turn serves for six months and has complete power.
• The legislative branch is composed of the Senate and Assemblies.
• The Senate was composed of 300 people, and later 373 people who served for life.
• The SPQR had a judicial branch composed of praetors chosen by the Centuriate Assembly and served for a year.

The United States government also has three branches and is modeled after the SPQR.

• The executive branch instead has a president and a vice president.
• The president is the most powerful single person in the United States, who has the power to veto bills proposed by the people and the Senate.
• The legislative branch, as the SPQR has a Senate, but with 100 senators.

May 10, 2019 Class

I kind of forgot what we did in class on Friday... But I have reason to believe that we were reviewing and I was taking notes. Anyway, an important thing to remember was that Maryland has eight representatives in the house of representatives (perhaps it is also important to mention that California has the largest amount of representatives with 55). Also, some important things to know about emperors after Caesar Augustus is who they were and their personalities. (Also, I should check out the rap again because I have yet to memorize it.)

Important emperors include:

• Tiberius (ruled from AD 14 to AD 37)
• At 77 years old, after the death of his son, he exiled himself from Rome and left his prfects in charge.
• Caligula (ruled AD 37 through AD 41)
• Known for his cruelty, extravagance, and perversity.
• All praetorian guards, Senators, and the imperial court teamed up to assassinate him.
• Claudius (ruled AD 41 to 54)
• Is thought to have had cerebral palsy.
• He would have been an even better leader if he did not have a barrier due to the disease(s) he suffered from.
• Died by poisoning (which was his last wife's plan to give the throne to her son, Nero).
• Nero (r. AD 54-68)
• Had an obsession with the arts.
• He wanted Rome to be the better version of itself by magnifying it with the use of art.
• Hugely overspent and even raided some Temples for money.

Classwork WMSIO #8

Read Rome and Roots of Western Civilization pages 178-183
Answer questions 1 and 5
Do worksheet 5

1. For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
Greco-Roman culture: Mixing of elements of Greek, Roman, and Hellenistic (mixing of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian) cultures.
Pompeii: Roman town in which the best examples of Roman painting were found in AD 79.
Virgil: Roman poet who wrote the epic Aeneid, the most famous work of Latin literature, in ten years.
Tacitus: A Roman historian who, among all others, did actually present facts truly as they were.
Aqueduct: Structures designed by Roman engineers to bring water into cities and towns.

5. What influence did Latin have on the development of Western languages? Latin remained the language of learning in the West, and then became the official language of the Roman Catholic Church coming into the twentieth century.

Classwork WMSIO #7

Discuss the topic: The United States is declining, like the Roman Empire did. Give solid supporting ideas to reasoning.


According to Gibbon's reasoning in his book, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 1780s, the fall of the Roman Empire was caused by its greatness in size. I do not agree with him and instead believe in the simple rules of "Risk". The leaders of the Roman Empire were too greedy and spread themselves out too thin without enough army men to defend themselves. Therefore, when outside forces (Ottoman Turks) saw this, they attacked and that is when historians like Gibbon decided to call it the end. But I believe their end was set in stone, it was just a matter of when.

This event has happened before with Germany and the First World War. German leaders had greed in their mind and conquering the World as their purpose. As they strived conquering the world, they made many enemies and not enough forces to annihilate them, that is what happened to the Roman Empire. They had no control whatsoever over their enemies, and it backfired.

Classwork WMSIO #5

Since I had already done WMSIO #6 during WMSIO #5 should have been done, I am going to do that one now.

Read pages 168 - 172
Answer page 172 #1, 3, 4, 5
Do Worksheet 3




1. For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
Jesus: Jew born around 6 to 4 BC in Bethlehem and raised in Nazareth. Most of his recorded life comes from the first four books of the New Testament in the Bible: the Gospels. He was said to have been the Son of God and savior of the human race to save all from sin.
Apostle: One of twelve of Jesus' main disciples or pupils.
Paul: The apostle Paul who greatly influenced Christianity.
Diaspora: The dispersal of the Jews.
Constantine: Roman emperor who credited his success gaining the throne to the help of a Christian God, ending the persecution of Jews.
Bishop: Supervisor of several churches.
Peter: Became the first bishop in Rome after traveling from Jerusalem. Jesus referred to Peter as the "rock" on which the Christian Church would be built.
Pope: The father or head of the Christian Church.

3. What did Jesus emphasize in his early teachings? He emphasized God's personal relationship to each human beings; stressed the importance of people's love for God, their neighbors, their enemies, and themselves; and taught that God would end wickedness and would establish an eternal kingdom after death for people who sincerely repented their sins.

4. Why did the early Christians face persecution from the Romans? Early Christians faced persecution from Romans because they refused to worship Roman gods.

5. What was the importance of the Nicene Creed? It defined the basic beliefs of the Church, solving disputes among Christians.

Classwork WMSIO #6

Read pages 173-176
Answer questions # 1, 3, 4, 5 on page 176.
Complete worksheet 4 (page 91).

Notes:

• End of the reign of emperor Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-180) marked the end of Pax Romana.
• Following rulers did not know how to manage such a vast empire and it, in return, started declining.
• During third century AD, Rome's economy weakened due to several factors.
• Hostile tribes outside boundaries of the empire and other pirates from the Mediterranean Sea disrupted trade.
• Having reached limit of expansion, Romans were in need of more precious metal.
• The government raised taxes, desperate for revenue.
• Also started minting coins that contained less and less silver.
• With the hope of creating more money with the same amount of precious metal it would take to make less.
• The economy soon suffered from inflation.
• Harvests in Italy and western Europe became increasingly meager because the overworked soil had lost its fertility.
• Years of war had also destroyed much farmland.
• Eventually, serious food shortages and disease spread, and the population declined.
• Military and Political Turmoil
• Over time, Roman soldiers had become less disciplined and loyal.
• Gave their allegiance to their commanders, who fought amongst themselves for the throne, instead of Rome.
• To defend against increasing threats to the empire, the government began recruiting mercenaries.
• Eventually, citizens' feelings of loyalty also declined, losing their sense of patriotism.
• Diocletian (r. AD 284-305)
• Strong-willed army leader who became the new emperor.
• Severely limited personal freedoms.
• Doubled the size of the army and attempted to control the inflation by setting fixed prices for goods.
• Believed the empire had grown too vast for one lone ruler.
• Divided the empire into 
• Greek-speaking East (Greece, Anatolia, Syria, and Egypt).
• Latin-speaking West (Italy, Gaul, Britain, and Spain).
• Kept the eastern half for himself and appointed a co-ruler for the West.
• Even though he shared authority, he kept overall control.
• His eastern part of the empire was far wealthier than the western part of the empire, for it included most of the empire's great cities and trade centers.
• Retired due to ill health.
• Diocletian's plans for orderly succession failed and civil war broke out.
• By AD 311, four rivals were competing for power.
• One of them was Constantine, the one who would later end the persecution of Christians.
• Constantine gained control of the western part by AD 312 and continued many of the social and economic policies of Diocletian.
• By 324, united both parts of the empire.

1. For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
Inflation: A drastic drop in the value of money coupled with a rise in prices.
Mercenary: Foreign soldier who fought in exchange for money.
Diocletian: A strong-willed army leader.
Constantinople: (9Modern day Turkey) city of Constantine, previously called Byzantium.
Attila: Powerful chieftain of the Huns who terrorized  both halves of the Roman empire with his 100,000 men.

3. What were the main internal causes of the empire's decline? The government raised taxes to meet revenue when precious metals were scarce and the economy soon suffered from inflation; harvests were  becoming increasingly meager due to the overworked soil; food shortages and disease spread; soldiers had become less disciplined and loyal; and citizens were becoming less and less patriotic and would refuse to fight for their country.

4. How did Diocletian succeed in preserving the empire? He doubled the size of the Roman army; controlled inflation by setting fixed prices on goods; presented himself in god-like aura to restore the prestige of the office of emperor; and divided the Roman empire into the Greek-speaking East and the Latin-speaking West.

5. Why did so many Germanic tribes begin invading the Roman Empire? Due to the Asian nomadic tribe known as the Huns burning everything in their path (starting with Germanic tribes living near the borders of the empire), the Germanic tribes had to choice but to go inland.






P.S. I did Day 6's classwork because the board stated to read the pages from day 6. I did not check on the piece of paper nor online because I thought it was correct. By the time I realized I was not, it was too late, so I decided to stick with it.

Classwork WMSIO #4

Review the rap and the PowerPoint.
Write a paragraph comparing rap info with paragraph info.

The book did not say anything about the swamp (which I think means that the government is corrupt), or I at least don't remember reading so. There are three branches of government (and only one government) in the book, but three governments in the rap: democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy, which I think cannot be possible, made into a republic. The rap did have that it was not a tyranny and the book didn't specify it, but it sure did not say that it was a tyranny. Instead, the book stated the government as a republic. Plebeians were not having fun because they were being oppressed by patricians; they were definitely having some fun. Both the textbook and the rap state there are two consuls and all the army terms. Both go over the Punic Wars and Hannibal's strategy of going though the Alps. The rap did not go over the Punic Wars in much detail, a thing that the book did do. In the book, there were three wars between Carthage and Rome going from 264 BC - 146 BC. 

The rap did not give the backstory of why the rich were getting richer and what the latifundia was, but the book did. Both talked about the Gracchus brothers were killed by senators and how it started a civil war. Then, Julius Caesar started rising around 60 BC and formed a triumvirate (group of three leaders) with Pompey and Crassus. Then, Julius Caesar conquered Gaul and gained his troops' devotion; that is in both the book and the rap. The battle between Pompey and Julius Caesar after crossing the Rubicon River was covered. The rap kind of went over Julius C. becoming a dictator if one reads in between lines, and the book specified so. March 15, 44 BC was the death of Julius C. He died of 23 stab wounds and his last words were "Et tu, Brute?" 

At 18 years old, Octavian formed a new triumvirate with Lepidus and Mark Antony. Mark Antony met Cleopatra and became allies against Octavian. He won against them and accepted the title of Augustus. Pax Romana started in 27 BC for 207 years. Slaves didn't have many rights. For entertainment, Romans watched gladiator fighting. (There is no Circus Maximus in the textbook.)

To be such a short rap, it covers most of the important parts and is very well done.